Presentation - mosaic technology. Presentation on the theme "mosaic" What is the name of painting on wet plaster

What is a mosaic? Mosaic (from Latin (opus) musivum a work dedicated to the muses) is decorative, applied and monumental art, in which images are collected from multi-colored stones, smalt, ceramic tiles and other materials. Mosaic (from Latin (opus) musivum a work dedicated to the muses) is decorative, applied and monumental art, in which images are collected from multi-colored stones, smalt, ceramic tiles and other materials.

A bit of history Mosaic art with a long history. Its origins are the ancient Greeks and Romans, who thus decorated villas and palaces. As a rule, the floors of buildings were laid out with mosaics, and the walls were decorated with frescoes. As a result, beautiful majestic spaces were born. With each empire, mosaic art took on its own character. Roman mosaics have always been distinguished by large masonry, so despite the complex technique, they lack sophistication and sophistication. Mosaic is an art with a long history. Its origins are the ancient Greeks and Romans, who thus decorated villas and palaces. As a rule, the floors of buildings were laid out with mosaics, and the walls were decorated with frescoes. As a result, beautiful majestic spaces were born. With each empire, mosaic art took on its own character. Roman mosaics have always been distinguished by large masonry, so despite the complex technique, they lack sophistication and sophistication. Pompeii, The Battle of Issus, Alexander.

A bit of history But the mosaic of Byzantine temples and tombs, on the contrary, is famous for its delicate techniques. In Rus', this art appeared after the adoption of Christianity. But it did not become widespread, due to the high price of imported material. Mikhail Lomonosov took up the revival of ancient art; his mosaic panels are kept in the Hermitage and the Russian Museum. Today, the original Moscow mosaic can be seen by going down the subway. But the mosaic of Byzantine temples and tombs, on the contrary, is famous for its delicate techniques. In Rus', this art appeared after the adoption of Christianity. But it did not become widespread, due to the high price of imported material. Mikhail Lomonosov took up the revival of ancient art; his mosaic panels are kept in the Hermitage and the Russian Museum. Today, the original Moscow mosaic can be seen by going down the subway. M.V. Lomonosov Portrait of Peter the Great. Moscow, st. Mayakovsky metro station

Making a mosaic Making a mosaic can be conditionally divided into the following stages: The art of a mosaic is like making a puzzle, a kind of picture-mystery that depends only on your skill and imagination. Mosaic production can be conditionally divided into the following stages: Development of a sketch. Sketch development. Mosaic preparation. Mosaic preparation. Preparation of the basis for a mosaic or an object for decoration. Preparation of the basis for a mosaic or an object for decoration. Translation of the drawing on the basis (subject). Translation of the drawing on the basis (subject). Laying mosaic elements on the base and adhesive composition, in accordance with the color scheme of the picture. Laying mosaic elements on the base and adhesive composition, in accordance with the color scheme of the picture. Filling joints with grout. Filling joints with grout. Final finishing: removal of excess solution, washing, grinding, varnishing. Final finishing: removal of excess solution, washing, grinding, varnishing.

Mosaic materials Smalt and natural stone, as well as glass, ceramics and metal are used as mosaic materials. M polymers, eggshells, paper... Smalt and natural stone, as well as glass, ceramics, and metal are used as mosaic materials. You can use alternative options, such as fragments of colored tiles, ordinary colored glass, crockery shards, polymers, eggshells, paper ... The mosaic module can be varied - from large to small. The smaller the module, the more picturesque the drawing, but the more work is invested in the mosaic. The mosaic module can be varied - from large to small. The smaller the module, the more picturesque the drawing, but the more work is invested in the mosaic.

Technique of tiling Direct tiling With direct tiling, the mosaic elements are pressed into the ground. Thus, at any time you can see what is happening, and if necessary, you can easily make the necessary corrections. Direct set With direct set, the mosaic elements are pressed into the ground. Thus, at any time you can see what is happening, and if necessary, you can easily make the necessary corrections.

Mosaic Set Technique Reverse Set In reverse set, the mosaic is assembled on cardboard or fabric, then transferred to a primed surface. In the process of work, the mosaic is visible only from the back side, and it is possible to evaluate the result only after the end of the set of the fragment, when it is already difficult to make corrections. However, this method is much less labor intensive. Reverse set In reverse set, the mosaic is assembled on cardboard or fabric, then transferred to a primed surface. In the process of work, the mosaic is visible only from the back side, and it is possible to evaluate the result only after the completion of the fragment typing, when it is already difficult to make corrections. However, this method is much less labor intensive.

Eggshell mosaic Eggshell is the most affordable material for mosaics. Eggshell is the most affordable material for mosaics. EggshellEggshell In terms of hardness, it approaches marble, it is perfectly ground and polished, acquiring a pleasant soft sheen. To create a mosaic, raw eggshells are usually used, which are dyed in different colors. In terms of hardness, it approaches marble, it is perfectly ground and polished, acquiring a pleasant soft sheen. To create a mosaic, raw eggshells are usually used, which are dyed in different colors.

Eggshell Mosaic By decorating objects with eggshells, you can achieve excellent results. You can decorate a variety of objects, decorate any surface: from wood to metal, from cardboard to glass. By decorating vases, plates, picture frames, countertops, you will turn ordinary things into unique works of art. Decorating objects with eggshells can achieve excellent results. You can decorate a variety of objects, decorate any surface: from wood to metal, from cardboard to glass. By decorating vases, plates, picture frames, countertops, you will turn ordinary things into unique works of art.

Mosaic from CDs In our computer age, there are few people who would not have at least one CD or DVD. Just as few people are found who do not have at least one unnecessary disk. One option is to use unnecessary disks and turn them into something useful. Mosaic from disks can be used to cover a box, planter or frame around a mirror. Mosaic

The use of mosaics on stairs, landscape objects, garden paths, sculptures. In a word, wherever there is an opportunity to revive traditional and familiar objects with the play of light and color. on stairs, landscape objects, garden paths, in sculptures. In a word, wherever there is an opportunity to revive traditional and familiar objects with the play of light and color.

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Mosaic is an arts and crafts and monumental art of different genres, the works of which involve the formation of an image by arranging, setting and fixing on the surface (usually on a plane) multi-colored stones, smalt, ceramic tiles and other materials.

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The history of the mosaic goes back to the 2nd floor. 4 millennium BC e. - the time to which the buildings of palaces and temples of the Sumerian cities of Mesopotamia are dated: Uruk, Ura, Eridu. The mosaic was composed of fired clay sticks-cones 8-10 cm long and 1.8 cm in diameter, which were laid on a clay mortar. The image was formed from the ends of these cones, which were painted, usually red, black and white. Geometric motifs were used: rhombus, triangle, zigzag.

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By the 8th c. BC e. include early examples of the use of the mosaic technique from unworked pebbles, which constituted one of the stages in the development of mosaic techniques and, at its end, was disparagingly called opus barbaricum by the Romans. During the excavations, ornamented pebble floors of Altyn-tepe (eastern Anatolia) and the palace in Arslan-tash (Assyria) were discovered, but the richest monument is the pebble mosaics of Gordion (Anatolia).

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Antiquity The first antique mosaics made of raw pebbles were found in Corinth and dated to the end. 5th c. BC e. These are contour images of people, animals, mythological creatures, decorated with geometric and floral ornaments, usually made in white on black, stylistically similar to red-figure vase painting. Similar samples of the 4th c. BC e. also found in Olynthus, Sicyon, Eretria. An important step towards realism was made in the mosaics of Pella (late 4th century BC)

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In ancient Rome, floors and walls of villas, palaces and baths were laid out with mosaics. Roman mosaics were made from small cubes of very dense glass - smalt, but it was not uncommon to use small stones and pebbles.

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The era of the Byzantine Empire can be considered the highest flowering of mosaic art. Byzantine mosaics become more refined, a smaller module of stones and delicate masonry are used, the background of the images becomes predominantly golden.

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In Rus', the mosaic appears with the adoption of Christianity, but does not gain distribution due to the high cost of material imported from Constantinople (in Byzantium, a state monopoly was declared on the export of smalt).

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The revival of mosaics in Russia was carried out by M. V. Lomonosov. However, Lomonosov's mosaic business was not continued after the death of its creator. The art of mosaic was again forgotten. Therefore, in the 1840s, when the question arose of translating the picturesque icons for St. Isaac's Cathedral into mosaics, the Russian government had to send graduates of the Imperial Academy of Arts to Rome to study with the masters of the Vatican Mosaic Studio. On the other hand, glass technologists were invited from Rome to St. Petersburg to organize the production of smalts. In 1851, Russian students returned to their homeland, by the same time the Italians had already organized the production of smalt for them. This year is considered the opening date of the Mosaic Workshop of the Imperial Academy of Arts. Although the workshop was organized specifically to create mosaics of Isaac, which lasted 66 years and was never completed due to revolutionary events, it also carried out other orders: mosaics for the iconostasis of the Cathedral of the Savior on Spilled Blood in St. Petersburg, the iconostasis of the Cathedral of the Savior on the Waters, ornamental mosaics Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow, mosaic portraits of members of the royal family and private orders. The workshop practiced the so-called “direct method” of typesetting, which made it possible to achieve pictorial realism of the image, but was extremely time-consuming and, accordingly, expensive.

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Laying With a direct set, the mosaic elements are pressed into the ground. With the reverse set, the mosaic is assembled on cardboard or fabric, then transferred to a primed surface. Mosaic Laying: The technique is similar to tiling, adhesive and grout for mosaic joints are available at every hardware store. The base is examined for strength, all defects are identified - cracks, cavities, gravel nests, reinforcement or other foreign objects not included in the project, as well as problem areas, such as oil stains, loose or insufficiently strong base, voids. The substrate must be strong, load-bearing, dry, even and free from adhesion reducing agents (e.g. additives that reduce adhesion and facilitate the dismantling of formwork), without traces of cement laitance, dust, dirt, paint residues, worn rubber, etc. If necessary, mechanically clean the base, for example by sandblasting. Before laying the mosaic, the surface must be visually even, without sags, pits and cracks, as well as dry and primed.

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Laying the mosaic on paper Laying begins with applying glue to the prepared surface, after which it is evenly distributed over the entire surface. In most cases, it is recommended to use latex-based adhesives. Mosaic, glued back to the paper side. Laying must be neat, so the distance between the sheets must correspond to the distance between the tiles, excessive pressure is unacceptable. At the end of laying, the sheets must be fixed with light blows of the platform with a rubber base. After a day, the paper can be removed - moistened with a damp sponge, it lags behind. Before grouting, the mosaic surface must be cleaned of paper and glue residues, after which grouting can be done with a rubber float. For grouting, it is advisable to use the composition recommended by the mosaic manufacturer. When grouting is complete, you can clean the mosaic and polish the mosaic surface.

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Laying mosaics on mesh Unlike mosaics on paper sheets, mosaics glued to mesh are glued face up. For the technology of its laying, it is characteristic that after the glue has dried, you can immediately start grouting the joints.

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Traditional smalt and natural stone, as well as glass mixtures, ceramics, porcelain stoneware, and metal are used as mosaic materials. The classic version of the smalt mosaic still remains the most sophisticated design option for decorative panels for the elite.

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Smalt Traditional material for creating mosaic panels, which is pieces of a homogeneous opaque mixture of glass and metal oxides.

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Smalt has both a number of positive properties (man-made material, a palette of several thousand colors, saturation and originality of mosaic shades, glow effect, durability), as well as features that limit its scope, such as: uneven surface, chipped edges high labor intensity high cost material

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mosaic

For the first time, the mosaic was discovered at the excavations of Ancient Greece and Rome. It is a well-known fact that in those days, noble nobles incredibly appreciated her and decorated their home. The original Venetian mosaic, distinguished by small elements and having a variety of effects, was suitable both for interior decoration and for facade cladding. The Venetian mosaic was considered unique because the craftsmen from Venice developed their own method of making glass, from which the mosaic is made. And today this magnificent material finds a place in luxurious designs. The current masters, using modern technology, give the material frost resistance, strength and durability, regenerating the Venetian mosaic. This material can be used to decorate the surfaces of fireplaces, cover floors and walls in kitchens and indoor pools, and use it when updating building facades. Venetian mosaic

The history of stained-glass windows dates back to the 1st century BC, at least, the found particles of glass mosaic date back to this time. After that, this type of art developed, its new varieties and styles appeared. The main application, like mosaic, was in architecture, decorating the windows of temples, churches, and later other buildings. The main difference between these two areas of monumental painting is the material used. So, for a stained-glass window, colored glass plates are used, which are transparent in properties, and in a mosaic, they are muted, which have reflective characteristics. To create a stained glass mosaic, you will need a muffle furnace, into which a slab is then placed, with a pattern from glass laid out on it. They can be of various sizes and shapes, with geometric and patterned images. stained glass mosaic

Mosaic is one of the oldest arts. It was known in ancient Rome in the Hellenistic era and was called "opus musivum", which literally means "the addition of pieces." A wide variety of subjects were created from mosaics - from simple ornaments to complex paintings. Walls, floors, roofs, domes of churches were decorated with decorative mosaics. Today, decorative mosaic is no less popular than in ancient times, it can perfectly complement any interior of any style. It is used in private houses, public institutions, apartments in landscape elements, architecture, saunas and swimming pools. It can be laid out from almost any material (metal, marble, etc.). decorative mosaic

Designers are professionals with a non-standard type of thinking. The probability is high that the very first designer on our planet was a person with an extraordinary imagination, a little stingy by nature, and thus original gizmos created by visionaries appeared. In Rus', the championship laurels are held by Mikhailo Lomonosov. He can hardly be called a designer, but he figured out how to make pieces of smalt colored, and at the same time showed what the material is capable of - he laid out a huge panel with the image of Peter the Great. The Florentine craftsman Luca de la Robia was the first to paint majolica tiles in greenish and purple hues to use them when laying patterns on the floor in wealthy houses. The historical episodes listed above were flashing beacons when the design idea stepped into the world of people. Designer mosaic

Mosaic is called eternal painting for a reason. In fact, this is a colorful painting method that does not fade over the years and does not need special storage conditions. And like any type of fine art, mosaic is divided into areas, combined into several generalized styles. These are the classic and European varieties. Let's take a closer look at the classic version. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, Byzantium preserved the principle and spirit of Roman technology, and developed their semantic consonance. Art was transferred from the utilitarian category to the cult category. First of all, Byzantine mosaics are monumental canvases (niches, walls and domes that form the space of the temple). classic mosaic

Mosaic is a very painstaking work. To achieve a beautiful, neat, eye-pleasing result, you need to make every effort and patience. Mosaic does not tolerate inaccuracies. Here, each element knows strictly its place! The expressiveness and clarity of the image depends on this. Mosaic simple Mosaic covering can be made from a variety of materials: marble glass ceramics metal wood

The human demand for materials of natural origin, such as mosaic tiles, has remained unchanged for centuries No matter how great the achievements of modern man in the field of technology, no matter how his tastes and preferences change, one thing remains unchanged - the demand for materials of natural origin Pieces of natural stone, glass or ceramic chips, in themselves, are of no value, but once in the hands of a real master, they can turn into a beautiful work of art, called mosaic Facing mosaic

This type of creativity, like glass mosaic, has existed for a long time. Mosaics have been popular since ancient times. But even today this topic has not lost its relevance. Transparent glass mosaic is a wonderful finishing material that allows you to create amazingly beautiful interiors. More often it is used for rooms related to water - pools, bathrooms, baths. Many manufacturers have a transparent mosaic of different colors in their assortment. When using this material, it is necessary to take into account some specific features of its installation. After all, the implementation of a design idea consists of four components: a transparent mosaic

Yellow. What color is the rainbow. How color affects a person. Color in the interior. Blue, blue is the color of coolness. Light and color in human life. Is radiation invisible? Newton's experience. Green contributes to the rhythmic work of the heart, the rest of the eyes. Red increases internal energy. Discovery of color. Effect of light and color on the human body. Red is a very energetic color, the color of strength and life.

"Leonardo da Vinci as a scientist" - Anatomical sketches of the neck. Head of Christ wearing a crown of thorns. The bridge would have been the longest bridge of its time. Automatic ignition system with fuse. Catapult with winch. Anatomical drawing of the skull in section. One of the inventions of the great Leonardo da Vinci. Madonna and Child. Which work does not belong to Leonardo da Vinci. Anchiano. What is the full name of Leonardo da Vinci. Who was from Mr. Pierrot.

"Mosaic" - Ancient patterns turned out to be accurate constructions of Penrose mosaics! Polygonal mosaic slabs. "Wrong" crystals. Mosaics in Escher's paintings. Ceramic tile. And ancient Islamic patterns. Islimi (pers.) - a type of ornament built on the combination of a bindweed and a spiral. Tiles. What is a Penrose tiling? On the right is a reconstruction of girihs. Girih schemes. Mosaics from different countries. Mosaics in nature. Minimum angle.

"Biblical themes in the visual arts" - Youth and flowering. Bible themes. Composition sketch. Biblical themes in the visual arts. Temple paintings. Images of saints. Winners. Orthodox icon painters. Garden of Eden. Symbolism of color in Christianity. Annunciation. Students' work. Bible. Holy family. The return of the prodigal son. Guardian angel. Global flood. Tower of Babel. Difficult time. Fatherland. World creation. Nativity.

"Masters of folk crafts" - Master. Problem question. Traditional embroidery. The purpose of the master craftsman. Zhostovo painting. Rostov enamel. The Secret of Mastery. The work of the master is afraid. Artisans. Lacquer miniature of Fedoskino. Pottery. N. Bednyak. B. I. Koromyslov. Khokhloma. Clay dishes. Painting on wood, birch bark. Khokhloma painting. D. Kuzovlev. Clay products. Find out the meaning of words. Becoming a master.

“Charming Dolls” - To protect against shaking sisters, evil fevers, dolls of the same name were made. All dolls are divided into three large groups: play, ritual and amulets. Names. Veps doll (protects the baby from damage). Likhomanki. Classification of dolls. Ash doll (guardian of the house, hearth, comfort). Ten-handled (helped women in various household chores). Doll for mother and child. Tasks. Appointment and application. Bell (amulet of good mood, so that there is joy and fun in the house).

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Mosaic technology.
Head: Kupriyanova A.P. - Master of P / O GBU KO POO "KITiS"

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Research topic: MOSAIC TECHNOLOGY
The purpose of the study is to study the technology of mosaic work. The relevance of the research topic is due, firstly, to the large-scale production of mosaics that has recently increased, and secondly, the interest of ordinary people in decorative interior design. Tasks: Theoretical study of the issue: - the history of the development of the mosaic; - the main directions in modern mosaic; - modern materials and tools; - various methods in the technology of laying out the mosaic. 2. Practical use of acquired knowledge. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the acquired theoretical knowledge, as well as practical skills and abilities will be used in the professional activities of the master of finishing construction works.

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Mosaic is a pattern made up of small pieces or various materials.
The origin of the word "mosaic" itself is shrouded in mystery. According to one version, it comes from the Latin musivum and is translated as "dedicated to the muses." According to another, it is just an opus musivum, that is, a kind of masonry wall or floor made of small stones. Mosaic is the process of connecting pieces of different materials, shapes and sizes, when amazing compositions appear as if from nothing.

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On the territory of Russia, mosaic art originated much later, in the 10th century, and was associated with the adoption of Christianity. The most famous and striking works of art are mosaic panels in St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev and St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery. The mosaic is distinguished by luxury and elegance, made of smalt - small modules of colored glass. Well reflecting sunlight, smalt gives off color tints, like the shimmer of precious stones.

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MATERIALS FOR PERFORMING MOSAIC Glass mosaic Smalt. Ceramic mosaic 4. Tiles 5. Metal 6. Precious items

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Works of students made of stone, ceramics, tiles

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Factory. At the factory, all mosaic tiles are glued to a dense paper or mesh base - a matrix. With such sheets (usually 322x322 mm) the mosaic goes on sale. The matrix just needs to be applied to the surface smeared with glue, and then remove the paper base with a damp cloth. Matrix. To begin with, computer development is done in a given number of mosaic colors. Then, through a special program, the drawing is printed in the form of a numbered grid, where each color is assigned its own number. Each sheet is assigned a row and column number of the overall figure. As a rule, the matrix is \u200b\u200bmade for the size of a sheet of A4 paper. Artistic. The sketch is made on a computer, a grid is drawn over the sketch, the sketch is printed in numbered sheets, each of which is a grid cell. Each of the fragments is placed by the master manually, then, according to the drawing, the mosaic puzzles are attached one by one to the base of the future picture. The mosaic panel is assembled in the artist's workshop and attached to a fiberglass mesh or adhesive paper.
MOSAIC TECHNOLOGY

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Panel technology.

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Stage 1 - preparatory. The choice of the base, in this case, is a chipboard sheet, the surface, which was leveled and carefully sanded, a drawing was prepared on the computer, the drawing was fried (edged) on the base, the tiles were sorted by color, size, tone. Stage 2 - laying out a mosaic of tile pieces. At the same time, the texture of facing products, dimensions, shape and color, type of laying (straight or diagonal rows) were constantly controlled. To do this, the tile was sawn, adjusted to the desired size, and polished. Stage 3 - grouting, jointing. Quality checking. Correction of defective places.

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Advantages of the mosaic 1. Minimum start-up capital. 2. Production from available materials. 3. Minimum costs to maintain the business in the future. 4. No need to purchase expensive equipment. 5. You can conduct production in any room. 6. Mobility of production - if necessary, the product can be moved. Mosaic classes develop creative thinking, imagination, diligence, cognitive activity, independence, attention, observation